Python: matplotlib绘图区自定义中英文字体以及部分设置

对于matplotlib绘图区总是有比较强迫症的自定义要求，对于刚刚接触Python的新手来说，各种配置起来还是比较繁琐，因此开一个帖子作为注记备忘。（Jupyter-Based）

• 内置字体：

只能选择同款字体，用默认英文字体无法显示中文，用宋体的话中文能够显示但英文较丑。这里采用rcParams全局设置参数，也可使用font_manager.FontProperties()对象函数，参考matplotlib网页原文设置如下。

class matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(family=None, style=None, variant=None, weight=None, stretch=None, size=None, fname=None, math_fontfamily=None)[source]
Bases: object

A class for storing and manipulating font properties.

The font properties are the six properties described in the W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1 font specification and math_fontfamily for math fonts:

family: A list of font names in decreasing order of priority. The items may include a generic font family name, either \'sans-serif\' (default), \'serif\', \'cursive\', \'fantasy\', or\'monospace\'. In that case, the actual font to be used will be looked up from the associated rcParam.

style: Either \'normal\' (default), \'italic\' or \'oblique\'.

variant: Either \'normal\' (default) or \'small-caps\'.

stretch: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of \'ultra-condensed\', \'extra-condensed\', \'condensed\', \'semi-condensed\', \'normal\' (default), \'semi-expanded\', \'expanded\', \'extra-expanded\' or \'ultra-expanded\'.

weight: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of \'ultralight\', \'light\', \'normal\' (default), \'regular\', \'book\', \'medium\', \'roman\', \'semibold\', \'demibold\', \'demi\', \'bold\', \'heavy\', \'extra bold\', \'black\'.

size: Either an relative value of \'xx-small\', \'x-small\', \'small\', \'medium\', \'large\', \'x-large\', \'xx-large\' or an absolute font size, e.g., 10 (default).

math_fontfamily: The family of fonts used to render math text; overrides rcParams[\"mathtext.fontset\"] (default: \'dejavusans\'). Supported values are the same as the ones supported by rcParams[\"mathtext.fontset\"] (default: \'dejavusans\'): \'dejavusans\', \'dejavuserif\', \'cm\', \'stix\', \'stixsans\' and \'custom\'.

%matplotlib qt5 
#以互动窗口打开matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

config = {
    \"font.family\":\'serif\', # sans-serif/serif/cursive/fantasy/monospace
    \"font.size\": 20, # medium/large/small
    \'font.style\':\'normal\', # normal/italic/oblique
    \'font.weight\':\'normal\', # bold
    \"mathtext.fontset\":\'cm\',# \'cm\' (Computer Modern)
    \"font.serif\": [\'cmb10\'], # \'Simsun\'宋体
    \"axes.unicode_minus\": False,# 用来正常显示负号
}
plt.rcParams.update(config)

x = np.linspace(0, 6, 50)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), label = r\"Sine $\\sin(\\theta)$\")
plt.title(r\'Sine Function $\\alpha_i \\leq \\beta_j$\')
plt.xlabel(r\'$\\theta_i$\')
plt.ylabel(r\'$\\sin\\theta$\')
plt.ion()
plt.show()

效果：

• 自定义字体：

用户希望自定义字体，即分别设置中文、英文、数学公式的字体，由于这里采用字体融合的应用将中英文混合，通过导入ttf文件以满足自定义配置的要求。（好看的图片，流程比较繁琐）

可以参考结合Github-字体合并/补全工具进行配置。

%matplotlib qt5 
# iPython以互动窗口打开matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

font_path = \'C:\\\\Users\\\\${User_Name}\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\Fonts\\\\${Font_Name}.ttf\'  # 此处改为自己字体的路径
font_manager.fontManager.addfont(font_path)
prop = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=font_path)

plt.rcParams[\'font.family\'] = prop.get_name()
plt.rcParams[\'mathtext.fontset\'] = \'cm\'  # \'cm\' (Computer Modern)

x = np.linspace(0, 6, 50)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), label = r\"正弦函数 Sine $\\sin(\\theta)$\")
plt.title(r\'中文测试 Sine Function $\\alpha_i \\leq \\beta_j$\')
plt.xlabel(r\'$\\theta_i$\')
plt.ylabel(r\'$\\sin\\theta$\')
plt.legend(fontsize = \'small\', borderpad=1.5, labelspacing=0.2)
plt.ion()
# plt.savefig(\'sin.pdf\')
plt.show()

效果：

• 错误排查：

1. 互动窗口打开、内联图像窗口打开

%matplotlib qt5 # iPython以互动窗口打开matplotlib
%matplotlib inline # 以内联静态窗口绘制matplotlib

2. 图像无法导出pdf\\eps，显示Truetype font is missing table

好像更新ipython和matplotlib最新版本能够解决。如果不能解决可能只能直接plt.savefig(\'${File_Name}.pdf\')来保存。

3. findfont: Font family [ xxx ] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.

参考此文→→ findfont: Font family [ msyh ] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.

参考资料：

• [1] matplotlib-中文字体设置
• [2] matplotlib-入门--font
• [3] jupyter-lab用matplotlib画图实现交互展示
• [4] 魔兽世界字体合并/补全工具 1.0.0
• [5] python matplotlib 画图小技巧: 自定义字体
• [6] 用Python的matplotlib画图，怎么保证xlabel中中文用宋体，英文用新罗马？
• [7] 中文变小框框？深入剖析matplotlib的字体逻辑
• [8] python matplotlib 中文显示参数设置
• [9] 【python学习】-matplotlib图形设置（线宽、标签、颜色、图框、线类型、图例大小位置、图框大小及像素等）
• [10] 【Python基础】matplotlib字体设置看这一篇就够了
• [11] Matplotlib 3.5.1 documentation官方文档

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/jjmg/p/python_matplotlib_pyplot_font_setting.html
本站部分图文来源于网络，如有侵权请联系删除。