一、数据库基础用法
要先配置环境变量,然后cmd安装:pip install pymysql
1、连接MySQL,并创建wzg库
#引入decimal模块
import pymysql
#连接数据库
db=pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\',user=\'root\',password=\'1234\',charset=\'utf8\')
#创建一个游标对象(相当于指针)
cursor=db.cursor()
#执行创建数据库语句
cursor.execute(\'create schema wzg default charset=utf8;\')
cursor.execute(\'show databases;\')
#fetchone获取一条数据(元组类型)
print(cursor.fetchone())
#现在指针到了[1]的位置
#fetchall获取全部数据(字符串类型)
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
print(i[0])
#关闭游标和数据库连接
cursor.close()
db.close()
2、创建student表,并插入数据
import pymysql
#连接数据库,并打开wzg数据库(数据库已创建)
db=pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\',user=\'root\',password=\'1234\',charset=\'utf8\',db=\'wzg\')
#创建游标对象
cursor=db.cursor()
try:
#创建student表,并执行
sql=\'\'\'create table student(
SNO char(10),
SNAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,
SSEX varchar(1),
primary key(SNO)
)default charset=utf8;\'\'\'
cursor.execute(sql)
#插入一条数据,并执行
insert_sql=\'\'\'
insert into student values(\'200303016\',\'王智刚\',\'男\'),(\'20030001\',\'小明\',\'男\')
\'\'\'
cursor.execute(insert_sql)
#将数据提交给数据库(加入数据,修改数据要先提交)
db.commit()
#执行查询语句
cursor.execute(\'select * from student\')
#打印全部数据
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
print(i)
#发生错误时,打印报错原因
except Exception as e:
print(e)
#无论是否报错都执行
finally:
cursor.close()
db.close()
数据库中char和varchar的区别:
char类型的长度是固定的,varchar的长度是可变的。
例如:存储字符串\'abc\',使用char(10),表示存储的字符将占10个字节(包括7个空字符),
使用varchar(10),表示只占3个字节,10是最大值,当存储的字符小于10时,按照实际的长度存储。
二、项目:银行管理系统
完成功能:1.查询 2.取钱 3.存钱 4.退出
练习:创建信息表,并进行匹配
1、创建数据库为(bank),账户信息表为(account)
001 | 123456 | 1000.00 |
002 | 456789 | 5000.00 |
2、拓展:进行账号和密码的匹配
请输入账号:001
请输入密码:123456
select * from account where account_id=001 and Account_passwd=123456
if cursor.fetchall():
登录成功
else:
登录失败
import pymysql
# 连接数据库
db = pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\', user=\'root\', password=\'1234\', charset=\'utf8\')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 创建bank库
cursor.execute(\'create database bank charset utf8;\')
cursor.execute(\'use bank;\')
try:
# # 创建表
# sql = \'\'\'create table account(
# account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
# account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
# money decimal(10,2),
# primary key(account_id)
# );\'\'\'
# cursor.execute(sql)
# # 插入数据
# insert_sql = \'\'\'
# insert into account values(\'001\',\'123456\',1000.00),(\'002\',\'456789\',5000.00)
# \'\'\'
# cursor.execute(insert_sql)
# db.commit()
# # 查询所有数据
# cursor.execute(\'select * from account\')
# all = cursor.fetchall()
# for i in all:
# print(i)
# 输入账号和密码
z=input(\"请输入账号:\")
m=input(\"请输入密码:\")
# 从account表中进行账号和密码的匹配
cursor.execute(\'select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\',(z,m))
# 如果找到,则登录成功
if cursor.fetchall():
print(\'登录成功\')
else:
print(\'登录失败\')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
cursor.close()
db.close()
1、进行初始化操作
import pymysql
# 创建bank库
CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL=\'\'\'
create schema bank charset utf8;
\'\'\'
# 创建account表
CREATE_TABLE_SQL = \'\'\'
create table account(
account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
# decimal用于保存精确数字的类型,decimal(10,2)表示总位数最大为12位,其中整数10位,小数2位
money decimal(10,2),
primary key(account_id)
) default charset=utf8;
\'\'\'
# 创建银行账户
CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL = \'\'\'
insert into account values(\'001\',\'123456\',1000.00),(\'002\',\'456789\',5000.00);
\'\'\'
# 初始化
def init():
try:
DB = pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\',user=\'root\',password=\'1234\',charset=\'utf8\')
cursor1 = DB.cursor()
cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)
DB = pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\',user=\'root\',password=\'1234\',charset=\'utf8\',database=\'bank\')
cursor2 = DB.cursor()
cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)
cursor2.execute(CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL)
DB.commit()
print(\'初始化成功\')
except Exception as e:
print(\'初始化失败\',e)
finally:
cursor1.close()
cursor2.close()
DB.close()
# 不让别人调用
if __name__ == \"__main__\":
init()
2、登录检查,并选择操作
import pymysql
# 定义全局变量为空
DB=None
# 创建Account类
class Account():
# 传入参数
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
# 把输入账号和密码进行匹配(函数体内部传入参数用self.)
SQL=\"select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
# 匹配成功返回True,失败返回False
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因:\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
# def query_money
# 取钱
# def reduce_money
# 存钱
# def add_money
def main():
# 定义全局变量
global DB
# 连接bank库
DB=pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\",user=\"root\",passwd=\"1234\",database=\"bank\")
cursor=DB.cursor()
# 输入账号和密码
from_account_id=input(\"请输入账号:\")
from_account_passwd=input(\"请输入密码:\")
# 输入的参数传入给Account类,并创建account对象
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
# 调用check_account方法,进行登录检查
if account.check_account():
choose=input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
# 当输入不等于4的时候执行,等于4则退出
while choose!=\"4\":
# 查询
if choose==\"1\":
print(\"111\")
# 取钱
elif choose==\"2\":
print(\"222\")
# 存钱
elif choose==\"3\":
print(\"333\")
# 上面操作完成之后,继续输入其他操作
choose = input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
else:
print(\"谢谢使用!\")
else:
print(\"账号或密码错误\")
DB.close()
main()
3、加入查询功能
存在银行里的钱可能会产生利息,所以需要考虑余额为小数的问题,需要用到decimal库
import pymysql
# 引入decimal模块
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
# 匹配账号密码,并返回money
SQL=\"select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
# 如果账户有钱就返回金额,没钱返回0.00
if money:
# 返回值为decimal类型,quantize函数进行四舍五入,\'0.00\'表示保留两位小数
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal(\'0.00\')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\",user=\"root\",passwd=\"1234\",charset=\"utf8\",database=\"bank\")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input(\"请输入账号:\")
from_account_passwd=input(\"请输入密码:\")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
while choose!=\"4\":
# 查询
if choose==\"1\":
# 调用query_money方法
print(\"您的余额是%s元\" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose==\"2\":
print(\"222\")
# 存钱
elif choose==\"3\":
print(\"333\")
choose = input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
else:
print(\"谢谢使用\")
else:
print(\"账号或密码错误\")
DB.close()
main()
4、加入取钱功能
取钱存钱要用update来执行数据库,还要注意取钱需要考虑余额是否充足的问题
import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
if money:
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal(\'0.00\')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 取钱(注意传入money参数)
def reduce_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
# 先调用query_money方法,查询余额
has_money=self.query_money()
# 所取金额小于余额则执行(注意类型转换)
if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
# 进行数据更新操作
SQL=\"update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
# rowcount进行行计数,行数为1则将数据提交给数据库
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
# rollback数据库回滚,行数不为1则不执行
DB.rollback()
return False
else:
print(\"余额不足\")
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 存钱
# def add_money
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\",user=\"root\",passwd=\"1234\",charset=\"utf8\",database=\"bank\")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input(\"请输入账号:\")
from_account_passwd=input(\"请输入密码:\")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
while choose!=\"4\":
# 查询
if choose==\"1\":
print(\"您的余额是%s元\" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose==\"2\":
# 先查询余额,再输入取款金额,防止取款金额大于余额
money=input(\"您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额\" % account.query_money())
# 调用reduce_money方法,money不为空则取款成功
if account.reduce_money(money):
print(\"取款成功,您的余额还有%s元\" % account.query_money())
else:
print(\"取款失败!\")
# 存钱
elif choose==\"3\":
print(\"333\")
choose = input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
else:
print(\"谢谢使用!\")
else:
print(\"账号或密码错误\")
DB.close()
main()
5、加入存钱功能
存钱功能和取钱功能相似,而且不需要考虑余额的问题,至此已完善当前所有功能
import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
if money:
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal(\'0.00\')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 取钱
def reduce_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
has_money=self.query_money()
if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
SQL=\"update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
DB.rollback()
return False
else:
print(\"余额不足\")
except Exception as e:
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 存钱
def add_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
SQL=\"update account set money=money+%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s\" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
DB.rollback()
return False
except Exception as e:
DB.rollback()
print(\"错误原因\",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\",user=\"root\",passwd=\"1234\",charset=\"utf8\",database=\"bank\")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input(\"请输入账号:\")
from_account_passwd=input(\"请输入密码:\")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
while choose!=\"4\":
# 查询
if choose==\"1\":
print(\"您的余额是%s元\" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose==\"2\":
money=input(\"您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额\" % account.query_money())
if account.reduce_money(money):
print(\"取款成功,您的余额还有%s元\" % account.query_money())
else:
print(\"取款失败!\")
# 存钱
elif choose==\"3\":
money=input(\"请输入存款金额:\")
if account.add_money(money):
print(\"存款成功,您的余额还有%s元,按任意键继续\\n\" % (account.query_money()))
else:
print(\"存款失败,按任意键继续\")
choose = input(\"请输入操作:\\n1、查询余额\\n2、取钱\\n3、存钱\\n4、取卡\\n\")
else:
print(\"谢谢使用!\")
else:
print(\"账号或密码错误\")
DB.close()
main()
三、拓展-学生信息管理系统
创建student表:
(\'2016081111\',\'张三\',\'20\',\'男\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2016061111\',\'王杰\',\'21\',\'男\',\'网络工程学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2016071113\',\'周顺\',\'19\',\'男\',\'大气科学学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2017081180\',\'李伟\',\'20\',\'男\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2017\',\'2\'),
(\'2016081201\',\'王丽\',\'20\',\'女\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2016\',\'5\')
实现功能:
1、查询所有学生的信息
2、按学号查询学生的信息
3、添加学生信息
4、修改学生信息
5、删除学生信息
6、退出
1、初始化
import pymysql
# 创建wzg库
CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL = \'\'\'
create schema wzg charset utf8;
\'\'\'
# 创建student表
CREATE_TABLE_SQL = \'\'\'create table student(
sno varchar(10) primary key,
sname varchar(10),
sage varchar(3),
ssex enum(\'男\', \'女\'),
sadcademy varchar(20),
sgrade varchar(4),
sclass varchar(2)
)default charset=utf8
\'\'\'
# 插入数据
CREATE_student_SQL = \'\'\'
insert into student values(\'2016081111\',\'张三\',\'20\',\'男\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2016061111\',\'王杰\',\'21\',\'男\',\'网络工程学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2016071113\',\'周顺\',\'19\',\'男\',\'大气科学学院\',\'2016\',\'3\'),
(\'2017081180\',\'李伟\',\'20\',\'男\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2017\',\'2\'),
(\'2016081201\',\'王丽\',\'20\',\'女\',\'软件工程学院\',\'2016\',\'5\')
\'\'\'
# 初始化
def init():
try:
DB = pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\', user=\'root\', password=\'1234\', charset=\'utf8\')
cursor1 = DB.cursor()
cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)
DB = pymysql.connect(host=\'localhost\', user=\'root\', password=\'1234\', charset=\'utf8\', database=\'wzg\')
cursor2 = DB.cursor()
cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)
cursor2.execute(CREATE_student_SQL)
DB.commit()
print(\'初始化成功\')
except Exception as e:
print(\'初始化失败\', e)
finally:
cursor1.close()
cursor2.close()
DB.close()
# 不让别人调用
if __name__ == \"__main__\":
init()
2、主函数
import pymysql
class Student():
#查询所有学生信息
def all_student(self):
cursor = DB.cursor()
cursor.execute(\'select * from student;\')
for i in cursor.fetchall():
print(i)
#按学号查询学生信息
def sno_student(self):
cursor = DB.cursor()
sno=input(\"请输入学号:\")
cursor.execute(\'select * from student where sno=%s;\' % sno)
a=cursor.fetchone()
if a:
print(a)
else:
print(\'该学号不存在\')
#添加学生信息
def add_student(self):
cursor = DB.cursor()
a1 = input(\"请输入学号:\")
a2 = input(\"请输入姓名:\")
a3 = input(\"请输入年龄:\")
a4 = input(\"请输入性别:\")
a5 = input(\"请输入院系:\")
a6 = input(\"请输入:入学年份\")
a7 = input(\"请输入班级:\")
cursor.execute(\'select * from student;\')
for i in cursor.fetchall():
if a1==i[0]:
print(\'学号已存在\')
break
else:
sql=\'insert into student values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\");\' % (a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7)
cursor.execute(sql)
DB.commit() #提交数据
print(\'添加成功\')
#修改学生信息
def set_student(self):
cursor = DB.cursor()
sno=input(\'请输入要修改的学号:\')
cursor.execute(\'select * from student;\')
for i in cursor.fetchall():
if sno == i[0]:
a = input(\'输入要修改的字段:\\nsno,sname,sage,ssex,sadcademy,sgrade,sclass\\n\')
b = input(\'修改为:\')
SQL = \'update student set %s=\"%s\" where sno=\"%s\";\' % (a,b,sno)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.rowcount == 1: #行计数
DB.commit()
print(\'修改成功\')
else:
DB.rollback() #数据库回滚
print(\'修改失败\')
break
else:
print(\'学号不存在\')
#删除学生信息
def del_student(self):
cursor = DB.cursor()
sno = input(\"请输入学号:\")
cursor.execute(\'delete FROM student WHERE sno=%s;\' % sno)
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.cursor()
print(\'删除成功\')
else:
DB.rollback()
print(\'该学号不存在\')
def main():
global DB
student = Student()
DB = pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\", user=\"root\", password=\"1234\", database=\"wzg\")
cursor = DB.cursor()
choose = input(\"*************\\n请选择您的操作:\\n1、查询所有学生的信息\\n2、按学号查询学生的信息\\n3、添加学生信息\\n4、修改学生信息\\n5、删除学生信息\\n6、退出\\n\")
while choose != \"6\":
if choose==\"1\":
student.all_student()
elif choose==\"2\":
student.sno_student()
elif choose == \"3\":
student.add_student()
elif choose == \"4\":
student.set_student()
elif choose == \"5\":
student.del_student()
choose = input(\"*************\\n请选择您的操作:\\n1、查询所有学生的信息\\n2、按学号查询学生的信息\\n3、添加学生信息\\n4、修改学生信息\\n5、删除学生信息\\n6、退出\\n\")
else:
print(\'已退出!\')
DB.close()
main()
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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/wzgwzg/p/15675302.html
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