一、MVC架构图
Model
-
业务处理:业务逻辑(Service)
-
数据持久层:CRUD(Dao)
View
-
展示数据
-
提供连接发起Servlet请求(a,form,img....)
Controller(Servlet)
-
接收用户的请求:(req:请求参数,Session信息)
-
交给业务层处理对应的代码
-
控制视图的跳转
比如一个登录流程
登录--->接收用户的登录请求--->Servlet处理用户的请求(获取用户登录的参数,username,password)--->交
给业务员层处理登录业务(判断用户名密码是否正确)--->Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确-->数据库
二、过滤器(Filter重点)
Filter:过滤器,用来过滤网站的数据;
-
处理中文乱码
-
登录验证.....
1.Filter开发步骤
(1)导入Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<!-- 作用域,一般不要-->
<!-- <scope>provided</scope>-->
</dependency>
<!--JSP的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--standard标签库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--JSTL表达式的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
(2)编写过滤器
* 实现Filter接口
* 重写方法
~~~java
package com.tang.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
//初始化:web服务器启动,就已经初始化了,随时等待过滤器对象出现
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println(\"characterEncoding初始化\");
}
/*
* chain 链
* 1.过滤其中所有代码,在过滤特定请求
* (特定请求:比如在Servlet中会在web.xml中进行注册,同理过滤器也一样需要注册和添加映射)的时候都会执行
* 2.必须要让过滤器继续通行
* chain.doFilter(request,response);*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding(\"utf-16\");//写utf-8得写setContentType为text/html,否则还会乱码因此我直接写utf-16
response.setCharacterEncoding(\"utf-16\");
response.setContentType(\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\");
System.out.println(\"setCharacterEncoding执行前。。。\");
chain.doFilter(request,response);//对过滤器起一个放行的作用,如果不写程序到这里就被拦截停止
System.out.println(\"setCharacterEncoding执行后。。。\");
}
//销毁:web服务器关闭的时候,过滤器会销毁
public void destroy() {
System.out.println(\"characterEncoding销毁\");
}
}
<h4>(3)在web.xml中配置filter
~~~xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>showservlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.tang.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>showservlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>showservlet</servlet-name>
<!--一个请求设置两个访问路径-->
<url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.tang.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--只要是/servlet的任何请求都会经过这个过滤器-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
ShowServlet代码如下
package com.tang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//resp.setCharacterEncoding(\"UTF-16\");
resp.getWriter().write(\"唐三是挂,谁惹谁挂\");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
运行结果图
同一个请求,以servlet开头的访问会被过滤,另一个去访问则不会被过滤,结果如下
2.常见应用
(1)用户登录之后才能进入主页!用户注销后就不能进入主页了,用过滤器实现
LoginServlet代码
package com.tang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取前端请求的参数
System.out.println(\"进入了登录\");
//String username = req.getParameter(\"username\");
if(req.getParameter(\"username\").equals(\"admin\")){//登录成功
System.out.println(\"登录成功\");
//USER_SESSION为一个常量,通常自己新建util包,并放在新建constant的类中
req.getSession().setAttribute(\"USER_SESSION\",req.getSession().getId());
resp.sendRedirect(\"/Filter_war/sys/success.jsp\");
}else {
resp.sendRedirect(\"/Filter_war/error.jsp\");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
login.jsp代码
<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<%--这里如果用post方式提交会出现在前端页面输入信息,但是却得不到前端请求的参数值--%>
<form action=\"/Filter_war/servlet/login\" method=\"get\">
<input type=\"text\" name=\"username\">
<input type=\"submit\">
</form>
</body>
</html>
LogoutServlet代码
package com.tang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String user_session = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute(\"USER_SESSION\");
if(user_session != null){//说明用户处于登录状态,因为只有登录状态USER_SESSION不为空也即user_session不为空
req.getSession().removeAttribute(\"USER_SESSION\");//将该登录状态的用户移除
resp.sendRedirect(\"/Filter_war/login.jsp\");//注销之后进入登录界面
}else{
resp.sendRedirect(\"/Filter_war/login.jsp\");//注销为空也回到该页面
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
success.jsp主界面代码
<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Object user_session = request.getSession().getAttribute(\"USER_SESSION\");
if(user_session == null){//用户没有登录就不能进如主界面
response.sendRedirect(\"/Filter_war/login.jsp\");
}
%>
<h1>主页</h1>
<p><a href=\"/Filter_war/servlet/logout\">注销</a></p>
</body>
</html>
error.jsp代码
<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>错误</h1>
用户名或者密码错误
<a href=\"/Filter_war/login.jsp\">返回登录界面</a>
</body>
</html>
web.xm代码如下
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.tang.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>logoutServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.tang.servlet.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>logoutServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/logout</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
运行结果图
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/twq46/p/16529847.html
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