一、Statement对象
Jdbc中的statement对象用于向数据库发送SQL语句,想完成对数据库的增删改查,只需要通过这个对象 向数据库发送增删改查语句即可。
Statement对象的executeUpdate方法,用于向数据库发送增、删、改的sql语句,executeUpdate执行 完后,将会返回一个整数(即增删改语句导致了数据库几行数据发生了变化)。
Statement.executeQuery方法用于向数据库发送查询语句,executeQuery方法返回代表查询结果的 ResultSet对象。
CRUD操作-create
使用executeUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据添加操作,示例操作:
Statement st = conn.createStatement(); String sql = \"insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday)\" + \"values(4,\'fubai\',\'123\',\'24736743@qq.com\',\'2020-01-01\')\"; int num = st.executeUpdate(sql); if(num>0){ System.out.println(\"插入成功!!!\"); }
CRUD操作-delete
使用executeUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据删除操作,示例操作:
Statement st = conn.createStatement(); String sql = \"delete from user where id=1\"; int num = st.executeUpdate(sql); if(num>0){ System.out.println(“删除成功!!!\"); }
CRUD操作-update
使用executeUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据修改操作,示例操作:
Statement st = conn.createStatement(); String sql = \"update users set name=\'fubai\',email=\'24736743@qq.com\' where id=3\"; int num = st.executeUpdate(sql); if(num>0){ System.out.println(“修改成功!!!\"); }
CRUD操作-read
使用executeQuery(String sql)方法完成数据查询操作,示例操作:
Statement st = conn.createStatement(); String sql = \"select * from user where id=1\"; ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql); while(rs.next()){ //根据获取列的数据类型,分别调用rs的相应方法映射到java对象中,如:
System.out.println(\"name:\" + rs.getString(\"name\"));
System.out.println(\"email:\" + rs.getString(\"email\"));
}
自定义工具类和配置文件对数据库增删改查
1、新建一个 lesson02 的包
2、在src目录下创建一个db.properties文件,如下所示:
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcStudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false username=root password=123456
3、在lesson02 下新建一个 utils 包,新建一个类 JdbcUtils
package com.fubai.lesson02.utils; import java.io.InputStream; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.Properties; public class JdbcUtils { private static String driver = null; private static String url = null; private static String username = null; private static String password = null; static { try { //读取db.properties文件中的数据库连接信息 InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(\"db.properties\"); Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.load(in); //获取数据库连接驱动 driver = prop.getProperty(\"driver\"); //获取数据库连接URL地址 url = prop.getProperty(\"url\"); //获取数据库连接用户名 username = prop.getProperty(\"username\"); //获取数据库连接密码 password = prop.getProperty(\"password\"); //加载数据库驱动 Class.forName(driver); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e); } } // 获取数据库连接对象 public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password); } // 释放资源,要释放的资源包括Connection数据库连接对象,负责执行SQL命令的Statement对象,存储查询结果的ResultSet对象 public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs) { if (rs != null) { try { //关闭存储查询结果的ResultSet对象 rs.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } rs = null; } if (st != null) { try { //关闭负责执行SQL命令的Statement对象 st.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { //关闭Connection数据库连接对象 conn.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
使用statement对象完成对数据库的CRUD操作
1、插入一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson02.utils; import com.fubai.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; public class TestInsert { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement st = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //获取一个数据库连接 conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); //通过conn对象获取负责执行SQL命令的Statement对象 st = conn.createStatement(); //要执行的SQL命令 String sql = \"insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) \" + \"values(4,\'fubai\',\'123\',\'2584@qq.com\',\'2020-01-01\')\"; //执行插入操作,executeUpdate方法返回成功的条数 int num = st.executeUpdate(sql); if (num > 0) { System.out.println(\"插入成功!!\"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //SQL执行完成之后释放相关资源 JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs); } } }
2、删除一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson02; import com.fubai.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.*; public class TestDelete { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; Statement statement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); statement = connection.createStatement(); String sql = \"delete from users where id=4\"; int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql); if (i > 0) { System.out.println(\"删除成功\"); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, statement, resultSet); } } }
3、更新一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson02; import com.fubai.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; public class TestUpdate { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; Statement statement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); statement = connection.createStatement(); String sql = \"update users set name=\'fubai\',email=\'24736743@qq.com\' where id=3\"; int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql); if (i > 0) { System.out.println(\"更改成功\"); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, statement, resultSet); } } }
4、查询数据
package com.fubai.lesson02; import com.fubai.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; public class TestSelect { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; Statement statement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); statement = connection.createStatement(); String sql = \"select * from users where id=3\"; resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql); while (resultSet.next()) { System.out.println(\"name:\" + resultSet.getString(\"name\")); System.out.println(\"email:\" + resultSet.getString(\"email\")); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, statement, resultSet); } } }
SQL 注入问题
通过巧妙的技巧来拼接字符串,造成SQL短路,从而获取数据库数据
package com.fubai.lesson02; import com.fubai.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; public class SqlInject { public static void main(String[] args) { // login(\"zhangsan\",\"123456\"); // 正常登陆 login(\"\'or \'1=1\", \"123456\"); // SQL 注入 } public static void login(String username, String password) { Connection conn = null; Statement st = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); // select * from users where name=\'\' or \'1=1\' and password =\'123456\' String sql = \"select * from users where name=\'\" + username + \"\' and password = \'\" + password + \"\' \"; st = conn.createStatement(); rs = st.executeQuery(sql); while (rs.next()) { System.out.println(rs.getString(\"name\")); System.out.println(rs.getString(\"password\")); System.out.println(\"==============\"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs); } } }
二、PreparedStatement对象
PreperedStatement是Statement的子类,它的实例对象可以通过调用
Connection.preparedStatement()方法获得,相对于Statement对象而言:PreperedStatement可以避 免SQL注入的问题。
Statement会使数据库频繁编译SQL,可能造成数据库缓冲区溢出。
PreparedStatement可对SQL进行预编译,从而提高数据库的执行效率。并且PreperedStatement对于 sql中的参数,允许使用占位符的形式进行替换,简化sql语句的编写。
使用PreparedStatement对象完成对数据库的CRUD操作
1、插入数据
package com.fubai.lesson03; import com.fubai.lesson03.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.util.Date; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; public class TestInsert { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement st = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { //获取一个数据库连接 conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); //要执行的SQL命令,SQL中的参数使用?作为占位符 String sql = \"insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?,?)\"; //通过conn对象获取负责执行SQL命令的prepareStatement对象 st = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //为SQL语句中的参数赋值,注意,索引是从1开始的 st.setInt(1, 4);//id是int类型的 st.setString(2, \"kuangshen\");//name是varchar(字符串类型) st.setString(3, \"123\");//password是varchar(字符串类型) st.setString(4, \"24736743@qq.com\");//email是varchar(字符串类型) st.setDate(5, new java.sql.Date(new Date().getTime()));//birthday是date类型 //执行插入操作,executeUpdate方法返回成功的条数 int num = st.executeUpdate(); if (num > 0) { System.out.println(\"插入成功!!\"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //SQL执行完成之后释放相关资源 JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs); } } }
2、删除一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson03; import com.fubai.lesson03.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestDelete { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = \"delete from users where id=?\"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setInt(1, 4); int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); if (i > 0) { System.out.println(\"删除成功\"); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } }
3、更新一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson03; import com.fubai.lesson03.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestUpdate { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = \"update users set name=?,email=? where id=?\"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setString(1, \"wyh\"); preparedStatement.setString(2, \"2584@qq.com\"); preparedStatement.setInt(3, 3); int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); if (i > 0) { System.out.println(\"修改成功\"); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } }
4、查询一条数据
package com.fubai.lesson03; import com.fubai.lesson03.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestSelect { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = \"select * from users where id = ?\"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1); resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); while (resultSet.next()) { System.out.println(\"name:\" + resultSet.getString(\"name\")); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet); } } }
避免SQL 注入
package com.fubai.lesson03; import com.fubai.lesson03.utils.JdbcUtils; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; public class SqlInject { public static void main(String[] args) { // login(\"zhangsan\",\"123456\"); // 正常登陆 login(\"\'or \'1=1\", \"123456\"); // SQL 注入 } public static void login(String username, String password) { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement st = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); // select * from users where name=\'\' or \'1=1\' and password =\'123456\' String sql = \"select * from users where name=? and password=?\"; st = conn.prepareStatement(sql); st.setString(1, username); st.setString(2, password); rs = st.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { System.out.println(rs.getString(\"name\")); System.out.println(rs.getString(\"password\")); System.out.println(\"==============\"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs); } } }
原理:执行的时候参数会用引号包起来,并把参数中的引号作为转义字符,从而避免了参数也作为条件 的一部分
本文来自博客园,作者:腹白,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/wyh518/
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/wyh518/p/16859990.html
本站部分图文来源于网络,如有侵权请联系删除。